The third quarter was a choppy one due to uncertainties with the ongoing trade war, Middle East conflict, the never-ending Brexit negotiations, and a presidential impeachment investigation.

For the year, U.S stocks both large and small have performed extraordinarily well, making the current bull-market the strongest and longest in modern history.

Bond yields around the world continued to move lower and the U.S. yield curve inverted (the 2-year Treasury yield was higher than the 10-year). An inversion like this has preceded our last seven recessions.

Given high stock prices, the uncertainties listed above and the yield-curve inversion, we believe now is a good time to get a little more defensive and ratchet down risk (not avoid it entirely).

Time to Reevaluate your Allocation

The third quarter of 2019 was another choppy one for financial markets as investors continued to weigh the overall health of the global economy against a host of uncertain factors. Uncertainties include the ongoing trade war with China, a drone attack on Saudi Arabia’s oil fields, the seemingly never-ending Brexit negotiations, a yield curve inversion, and—as September wrapped—an official presidential impeachment investigation in Washington, D.C.

On the economic front, the Federal Reserve followed its 25-basis-point interest rate cut in late July with another 25-basis-point cut in mid-September. These actions were in response to the weak global economic environment and the impact of trade policy on U.S. business sentiment and capital expenditure. The European Central Bank also cut its policy rate and announced it would launch a new open-ended asset purchase plan (i.e., quantitative easing) starting in November.

Amidst this backdrop, equity markets rose in July, fell in August, then rallied in September. Larger-cap U.S. stocks gained 2% for the quarter and have netted over 20% year to date. Smaller-cap U.S. stocks suffered more acutely during the market drops and ended the quarter down 2.3%. For the year to date, they are still up a healthy 14.1%.

Foreign stocks likewise rode a roller-coaster quarter; however, their rebound in September wasn’t quite enough to see them keep pace with U.S. stocks. In the third quarter, developed international stocks fell 0.9%, and EM stocks fell 4.1%. Returns are still robust for the year so far, with developed international and emerging markets rising 13.2% and 8% respectively.

Bond yields around the world continued to move lower in the third quarter as deflation concerns took hold. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield ended the quarter at 1.68%, down from a 2% yield at the end of the second quarter. Core investment-grade bonds gained 2.4%. Rising interest rates brought losses to core bonds for the quarter, while our flexible fixed-income funds had gains.

Portfolio and Market Outlook for the Fourth Quarter of 2019

The financial environment continues to feel like a game of tug of war. On one side, we have a still-solid U.S. economy that has grown for a record number of consecutive years. While measures of manufacturing activity are slowing, global services activity, which represents upward of 70%-plus of the global economy (and more than 80% of U.S. GDP) still looks solid. Household balance sheets and consumer spending also remain healthy, supported by low unemployment and solid wage growth.

On the other side, global economic growth remains weak and consensus expectations are for further slowing. In particular, the longer a China-U.S. trade agreement remains elusive, the weaker the economy will get as corporations further delay capital expenditures and hiring decisions, not to mention the direct impact already felt by the manufacturing sector.

The expansive monetary policies of central banks around the world continue to present an unknown risk factor. The total value of negative-yielding bonds is over $14 trillion, globally. Central banks in Europe and Japan have resorted to these experimental policies because simply lowering interest rates, even to zero, has not helped them meet their growth and inflation targets. While no one really knows what the long-term ramifications will be, we can identify some clear short-term dangers, including investors seeking out riskier assets than they normally would, driving up the prices of these investments to unprecedented levels and exposing their portfolios to greater loss.

Much has also been made in the financial press of the “inversion” of the yield curve: an uncommon, inverse yield-time relationship where longer-maturity bonds carry lower interest rates than shorter-term bonds. A yield curve inversion is historically significant in financial markets, given an inversion has preceded the last seven recessions. One interpretation is that bond markets are telling us: “Good times are here … but bad times are coming.”

Looking Further Ahead to Next Year

Now may be a very good time to reevaluate your asset allocation. While we think it’s prudent to be a little more defensive, we also recognize that the current tug of war may continue. U.S. stocks may be priced at historically high levels, but the opportunity cost of selling our U.S. stock position is too great, given they may continue to go up over the short term as they have for several years. Hence, we believe in ratcheting down risk, not avoiding it entirely.

No single indicator, however reliable in the past, is sufficient to make an investment decision. We recently adjusted some of our fixed-income holdings in our portfolios, but we did so upon consideration of several data points that were signaling concerns. Our holdings should now respond better if the current yield inversion and other signs we see are correctly identifying a coming recession. The role of fixed-income is first and foremost to provide support to portfolios during deflationary events and bear markets in stocks.

Following a comprehensive review of our global equity assumptions, we also remain convinced that foreign stocks are relatively attractive, particularly versus U.S. stocks. Despite the risks, we continue to see country-level reforms and company-level restructuring that we think are significant positives. When global growth returns to healthy levels, as it started to in 2017 before trade war tensions contributed to a growth slowdown, we think developed and emerging markets are poised to do very well.

The Bottom Line

The current investing environment and its range of conflicting outcomes only highlights why we believe it is important to incorporate a wide range of scenarios in our portfolio management process. The most effective way to do this is through diversification across multiple asset classes and investment strategies that have different risk exposures and different sources of return. Of course, this also means that not every position will perform well in every scenario or macroeconomic environment. That’s the definition of portfolio diversification and the essence of risk management under uncertainty.